Biologi dan neraca kehidupan ulat grayak jagung, Spodoptera frugiperda Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) pada tongkol jagung muda (Zea mays Linn.) sebagai pakan alternatif
Biology and life table of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on baby corn (Zea mays Linn.) as alternative feed
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5994/jei.20.2.188Keywords:
fall armyworm, invasive species, life cycleAbstract
Mass rearing techniques for the production of Spodoptera frugiperda larvae in large quantities as research materials is important to be developed. Baby corn has the potential to be observed as alternative feed for mass rearing of fall armyworms. However, the biology and life table of S. frugiperda feeding on baby corn has not been studied. This research aims to study the morphology, biology, and life table of S. frugiperda fed on baby corn. Larvae of F1 fall armyworm were reared singly and fed with baby corn, after pupation it was moved to containers. Thirty pairs of adults were reared in a cage filled maize plant. Observations conducted daily from the eggs until the adult died. Results showed variations in the color and size of the eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults. Developmental periods of eggs, larvae, and pre-pupae were 2.47, 14.96, and 1.83l days. Pupal period was 9.75 days (male) and 8.81 days (female). The life cycle were 37.69 days (male), and 37.7 days (female). Duration of pre-oviposition, oviposition, post-oviposition were 1.60, 7.90, and 2.26 days. Adult longevity was 11.34 days (male) and 11.76 days (female). The average number of eggs laid was 1.365,86/female with a hatch rate of 94,68%. Survival curve of S. frugiperda was type I, with GRR of 1.442,49 individuals/generations, and the Ro was 1.342,77 individuals/females/generation. Ther was 0.23 individual/female/day, the T was 31.23 days, and the DT was 3.01 days. This result showed that baby corn can be an alternative feed for mass rearing of S. frugiperda.
Downloads
References
Ali A, Rizvi PQ. 2010. Age and stage specific life table of Coccinella septemounctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) at varying temperature. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 6:268–273.
Ashok K, Kennedy JS, Geethalakshmi V, Jeyakumar P, Sathiah N, Balasubramani V. 2020. Life table study of fall army worm Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) on maize. Indian Journal of Entomology. 82:1–7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-8172.2020.00143.1.
Awmack CS, Leather SR. 2002. Host plant quality and fecundity in herbivorous insect. Annual Review of Entomology. 47:817–844. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ento.47.091201.145300.
Barros E, Torres JB, Ruberson JR, Oliveira MD. 2010. Development of Spodoptera frugiperda on different hosts and damage to reproductive structures in cotton. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. 137:237–245. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1570-7458.2010.01058.x.
Birch LC. 1948. The intrinsic rate of natural increase of an insect population. Journal of Animal Ecology. 17:15–28. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1605.
CABI. 2022. Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1079/cabicompendium.29810.
Capinera JL. 2001. Handbook of Vegetable Pests. USA: Academic Press.
Fitriyana I, Buchori D, Nurmansyah A, Ubaidillah R, Rizali A. 2015. Statistik demografi Diaphania indica (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman. 15:105–113. DOI: https://doi.org/10.23960/j.hptt.215105-113.
Gilal AA, Raajput LB, Kubar MI, Kaleri GM, Zahra TU, Mastoi MI, Rasheed Z. 2022. Life table studies of invasive Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on maize under laboratory conditions. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research. 5:259–265. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17582/journal.pjar/2022/35.2.259.265.
Gilal AA, Bashir L, Faheem M, Rajput A, Soomro JA, Kunbhar S, Mirwan AS, Tanzeela-ul-Zahra, Mastoi GS, Sahito JGM. 2020. First record of invasive fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)) in corn fields of Sindh, Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research. 33:247–252. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17582/journal.pjar/2020/33.2.247.252.
Goergen G, Kumar PL, Sankung SB, Togola A, Tamo M. 2016. First report of outbreaks of the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), a new alien invasive pest in West and Central Africa. PLoS ONE. 11:1–9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0165632.
Golada S, Sharma G, Jain H. 2013. Performance of baby corn (Zea mays L.) as influenced by spacing, nitrogen fertilization and plant growth regulators under sub humid condition in Rajasthan. India. African Journal of Agricultural Research. 8:1100–1107. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5897/AJAR12.1920.
Hutasoit RT, Kalqutny SH, Widiarta IN. 2020. Spatial distribution pattern, bionomic, and demographic parameters of a new invasive species of armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctudae) in maize of South Sumatera, Indonesia. Biodiversitas. 21:3576–3582. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d210821.
Hutasoit RT, Sitanggang KD. 2018. Pengaruh plant growth promoting rhizobacteria terhadap biologi dan statistik demografi Thrips parvispinus (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) pada Cabai. Jurnal Agroplasma. 5:26–34. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36987/agr.v5i2.167.
Jaworski T, Hilszczanski J. 2013. The efect of temperature and humidity changes on insect development and their impact on forest ecosystems in the context of expected climate change. Forest Research Papers. 74:345–355. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/frp-2013-0033.
Lestari S, Ambarningrum TB, Pratiknyo H. 2013. Tabel hidup Spodoptera litura Fabr. dengan pemberian pakan buatan yang berbeda. Jurnal Sain Veteriner. 31:166–179. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jsv.3801.
Maharani Y, Puspitaningrum D, Istifadah N, Hidayat S, Ismail A. 2021. Biology and life table of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on maize and rice. Serangga. 26:161–174.
Maharani Y, Dewi VK, Puspasari LT, Riskie L. 2019. Kasus serangan ulat grayak jagung Spodoptera frugiperda pada tanaman jagung di Kabupaten Bandung, Garut, Sumedang, Jawa Barat. Journal of Plant Protection. 2:38–46.
Montezano DG, Specht A, Sosa-Gomez DR, Roque-Specht VF, Sousa-Silva JC, Paula-Moraes SV, Peterson JA, Hunt TE. 2018. Host plants of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in the Americas. African Entomology. 26:286–300. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4001/003.026.0286.
Montezano DG, Specht A, Sosa-Gomez DR, Roque-Specht VF, Paula-Morae SV, Peterson JA, Hunt TE. 2019. Developmental parameters of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) immature stages under controlled and standardized conditions. Journal of Agricultural Science. 11:76–89. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n8p76.
Octaviani, Maryana N, Pudjianto. 2021. Telenomus remus (Nixon) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) biology and life table in Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 950:012024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/948/1/012041.
Poole RW. 1974. An Introduction to Qualitative Ecology. New York: McGraw-Hill Kogasusha.
Purwono, Hartono R. 2005. Bertanam Jagung Unggul. Jakarta: Penebar Swadaya.
Plessis HD, Schlemmer ML, Van den Berg J. 2020. The effect of temperature on the development of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Insect. 11:1–11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/insects11040228.
Promyou S, Chimsonthorn V, Kijka C, Supapvanich S. 2020. Physiochemical quality improvement of ready cook baby corns using calcium propionate immersion. International Journal of Agricultural Technology. 16:949–958.
Price PW. 1984. Insect Ecology. New York: Wiley
Priyanka M, Yasodha P, Justin CGL. 2021. Life table evaluation of Spodoptera frugiperda on maize at room temperature. The Pharma Innovation Journal. 10:1318–1323.
Rani R, Sheoran RK, Soni PG, Kaith S. 2017. Baby corn: A wonderful vegetable. Environmental Science and Technology. 6:1407–1412.
Rogers CE, Marti OG. 1994. Effect of age at first mating on the reproductive potential of the fall armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Environmental Entomology. 23:322–325. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/23.2.322.
Singh P, Moore RF. 1985. Hand Book of Insect Rearing Vol. II. New York: Elvesier Science Publishing Company Inc.
Sartiami D, Dadang, Harahap IS, Kusumah YM, Anwar R. 2020. First record fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) in Indonesia and its occurrence in three provinces. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 468:012021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/468/1/012021.
Sharanabasappa, Kalleshwaraswamy CM, Asokan R, Swamy MH, Maruthi MS, Pavithra HB, Hedge K, Navi S, Prabhu ST, Goergen G. 2018. First report of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), an alien invasive pest on maize in India. Pest Management in Horticultural Ecosystems. 24:23–29. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-8172.2018.00238.9.
Shylesha AN, Jalali SK, Gupta A, Varshney R, Venkatesan T, Shetty P, Ojha R, Ganiger PC, Navik O, Subaharan K, Bakthavatsalam N, Ballal CR, Raghavendra A. 2018. Studies on new invasive pest Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Its natural enemies. Journal of Biological Control. 32:145–151.
Subiono T. 2019. Preferensi Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) pada beberapa sumber pakan. Jurnal Agroekoteknologi Tropika Lembab. 2:130–134. DOI: https://doi.org/10.35941/jatl.2.2.2020.2813.130-134.
Syarifah DF, Kusumo YWE, Rini EP. 2022. Keragaan genotipe jagung semi asal selfing dan sibbing untuk perakitan varietas jagung semi. Jurnal Hortikultura Indonesia. 13:120–127.
Trisyono YA, Suputa S, Aryuwandari VE, Hartaman M, Jumari J. 2019. Occurrence of heavy infestation by the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda, a new alien invasive pest, in corn in Lampung Indonesia. Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia. 23:156–160. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.46455.
Waldbauer GP, Cohen RW, Friedman S. 1984. Self-selection of and optimal nutrient mix from defined diets by larvae of the corn earworm, Heliothis zea (Boddie). Physiological Zoology. 57:590−597. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/physzool.57.6.30155985.
Umiyasih U, Wina E. 2008. Pengolahan dan nilai limbah tanaman jagung sebagai pakan ternak ruminansia. Wartazoa. 18:127–136.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Bety Sumaryati, Dewi Sartiami, Sugeng Santoso
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
