Keanekaragaman serangga yang terperangkap pada tumbuhan kantong semar (Nepenthes spp.: Nepenthaceae) di Gunung Samarinda, Aceh Barat Daya, Aceh, Indonesia
Diversity of insects trapped in pitcher plants (Nepenthes spp.: Nepentheceae) in Gunung Samarinda, Aceh Barat Daya, Aceh, Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5994/jei.22.3.141Keywords:
ecology, insectivorous plants, plant-insect interactionsAbstract
Pitcher plants Nepenthes spp. are insectivorous plants capable of trapping and digesting insects as an additional nutrient sources. Research on insects trapped in the pitchers of Nepenthes plants has been conducted in several regions of Indonesia. Unfortunately, similar research has never been reported in the Southwest Aceh region. This study aims to analyze the diversity and composition of insects trapped in the pitchers of Nepenthes plants in Gunung Samarinda Village, Southwest Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia. The research was conducted using the exploratory method with purposive sampling from January to July 2024, along the path leading to the oil palm plantation. Insect samples were collected from every Nepenthes plant found at the research location and were identified to the species level. The results showed that a total of 1,740 individuals, belonging to 18 species, 12 families, and 6 insect orders, were found in the Nepenthes pitchers. The three most dominant insect species were Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) (36.21%), Tetramorium marginatum Forel (16.90%), and Anoplolepis gracilipes Smith (13.33%). The highest insect diversity was found in pitcher of Nepenthes rafflesiana, followed by N. gracilis, and N. ampullaria. However, there was no significant difference in insect composition among the Nepenthes species. These findings indicate that Nepenthes spp. at the research site function as natural traps for insects, with a dominance of certain species. The presence of Nepenthes in its habitat can play a role in the ecosystem balance, particularly in the interaction between insectivorous plants and insect communities.
Downloads
References
Adam JH, Hamid HA, Juhari MAA. 2011. Species composition and dispersion pattern of pitcher plants recorded from Rantau Abang in Marang District, Terengganu State of Malaysia. International Journal of Botany. 7:162–169. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3923/ijb.2011.162.169.
Anastasia S,Turnip M, Linda R. 2018. Variasi morfometrik dan pengelompokan spesies kantong semar (Nepenthes spp.) di desa simpang kasturi kecamatan mandor. Jurnal Protobion. 7:29–36.
Armanda, Anggraeni, Wahyuni T. 2020. Population and phenotype characterization of pitcher plant (Nepenthes spp.) in Palawan forest biodiversity park at Central Bangka Regency, Bangka Belitung Islands Province. Media Konservasi. 25:89–97. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29244/medkon.25.1.89-97.
Arwindo V, Ifadatin S, Rafdinal. 2022. Keanekaragaman dan pola distribusi kantong semar (Nepenthes spp.) di Bukit Bentuang Dusun Punti Tapau Kecamatan Entikong Kabupaten Sangau. Journal of Biotechnology and Conservation in Wallacea. 2:59–70.
Atikah S, Sunariyati S, Gunawan, Edy Y. 2021. Komposisi serangga yang terperangkap pada kantong atas dan kantong bawah Nepenthes rafflesiana di sungai koran resort, sebangau hulu. Journal of Environment and Management. 2:206–211. DOI: https://doi.org/10.37304/jem.v2i3.4380.
Azra OD, Ifadatin S, Lovadi I, Rafdinal. 2023. Hubungan kekerabatan Nepenthes hybrid hasil persilangan alami antara Nepenthes mirabilis (lour) druce dan Nepenthes reindwardtiana miq berdasarkan karakter morfologi. Jurnal Floribunda. 7:116–123. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32556/floribunda.v7i3.2023.427.
Baby S, Johnson AJ, Zachariah EJ, Hussain AA. 2017. Nepenthes pitchers are CO2-enriched cavities, that emit CO2 to attract prey. Scientific Report. 7:1–10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-11414-7.
Bauer U, Rembold K, Grafe U. 2015. Carnivorous Nepenthes pitcher plants are a rich food source for a diverse vertebrate community. Journal of Natural History. 50:7–8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2015.1059963.
Bauer U, Giusto DB, Skepper J, Grafe UT, Federle W. 2012. With a flick of the lid: a novel trapping mechanism in Nepenthes gracilis pitcher plant. Plos One. 7:e38951. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0038951.
Bazille V, Moran JA, Le MG, Marshall DJ, Gaume L. 2012. A Carnivorous plant fed by its ant symbiont: A unique multi-faceted nutritional mutualism. PLoS One. 7:e36179. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0036179.
Bennett KF, Ellison M. 2009. Nectar, not color, may lure insects to their death. Biology Letters. 5: 469–472. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2009.0161.
Bittleston LS, Baker CCM, Strominger LB, Pringle A, Pierce NE. 2015. Metabarcoding as a tool for investigating arthropod diversity in Nepenthes pitcher plants. Austral Ecology. 41:120–132. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/aec.12271.
Bolton B. 1994. Identification Guide to The Ant Genera of The Word. America: United States of America.
Borror DJ, Triplehorn CA, Johnson NF. 1992. Pengenalan Pelajaran Serangga. 6th ed. Terjemahan oleh Soetiyono Partosoedjono. 1992, Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press.
Cheek M, Jebb M. 2013. In the Philippines, there is a recircumscription of the Nepenthes alata group (Caryophyllales: Nepenthaceae) with four new species. European Journal of Taxonomy. 69:1–23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2013.69.
Capinera, Jhon L, De Clercq, Patrick. 2008. Encyclopedia of Entomology. Florida: Springer Science and Business Media.
Chin L, Chung AY, Clarke C. 2014. Interspecific variation in prey capture behavior by co occurring Nepenthes pitcher plants: Evidence for resource partitioning or sampling-scheme artifacts?. Plant Signaling & Behavior. 9:e27930. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4161/psb.27930.
Farre AG, Filella I, Llusia J, Penuelas J. 2015. Relationships among floral VOC emissions, floral rewards and visits of pollinators in five plant species of Mediterranean shrub land. Plant Ecology and Evolution. 148:90–99. https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.2015.963.
Gaume L, Bazille V, Bousses P, Le moguedec G, Marshall JD. 2019. The biotic and abiotic drivers of living diversity in the deadly traps of Nepenthes pitcher plants. Biodiversity and Conservation. 28:345–362. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-018-1658-z.
Gilbert KJ, Bittleston LS, Tong W, Pierce NE. 2020. Tropical pitcher plants (Nepenthes ) act as ecological filters by altering properties of their fluid microenvironments. 10:4431. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-61193-x.
Goh HH, Baharin A, Salleh F, Imadi M, Ravee R, Zakaria WNAW, Noor NM. 2020. Transcriptome-wide shift from photosynthesis and energy metabolism upon endogenous fluid protein depletion in young Nepenthes ampullaria pitchers. Scientific Reports.10:1–17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-63696-z.
Goulet H, Huber TJ. 1993. Hymenoptera of The World: An Identification Guide to Families. Otawa: Agriculture Canada.
Handayani T. 2005. Diversity and growth behavior of Nepenthes (pitcher plants) in Tanjung Putting National Park, Central Kalimantan Province. Biodiv. 6:248–252. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d060407.
Handayani T. 2021. Peranan tanaman kantong semar (Nepenthes spp.) dalam kehidupan manusia dan lingkungannya. Gunung Djati Conference Series. 6:11–18
Handayani T. 2022. Interaksi antara tanaman dengan semut: studi kasus pada Nepenthes mirabilis druce di kebun raya bogor. Prosiding SNPBS. 6:406–412.
Hernawati H, Zuhud EAM, Prasetyo LB, Soekmadi R. 2022. Utilization and conservation of Nepenthes ampullaria Jack. In the tradition of the kenduri SKO Community of Kerinci, Jambi. Media Konservasi. 27:51–58. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29244/medkon.27.2.51-58.
Khairil M, Dewantara I, Widiastuti T. 2015. Studi keanekaragaman jenis kanong semar (Nepenthes spp.) di Kawasan hutan bukit beluan Kecamatan Hulu Gurung. Jurnal Hutan Lestari. 3:259–264.
Lam WN, Tan HTW. 2020. The Pitcher Plants (Nepenthes Species) of Singapore. Singapore: Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum, National Univ of Singapore.
Lam NW, Yeo H, Lim YJR, Wong HS, Lam-Phua GS, Fashing JN, Neo L, Wang YW, Cheong FL, Paul YCNg, Tan WTH. 2020. A comparative exploration of the inquiline and prey species of Nepenthes rafflesiana pitchers in contiguous and fragmented habitat patches in Singapore. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. 68:838–858.
Mansur M. 2012. A Review of Nepenthes (Nepentheceae) in Indonesia. Berita Biologi. 12:1–7.
Mansur M, Brearley FQ, Esseen PJ, Rode-Margono EJ, Tarigan MRM. 2021. Ecology of Nepenthes clipeata on Gunung Kelam, Indonesian Borneo. Plant Ecol Divers 14:195–203. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17550874.2021.1984602.
Mansur M, Salamah A, Mirmanto E, Brearley O.F. 2023. Diversity, ecology, and conservation status of Nepenthes in west Sumatra province, Indonesia. Biotropia. 30:220–231. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11598/btb.2023.30.2.1896.
Magurran A. 1988. Ecological Diversity and Its Measurement. Princeton University Press. Princeton, New Jersey. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-7358-0.
Maysarah, Zuhud AME, Hikmat A. 2016. Populasi dan habitat Nepenthes ampullaria jack di Cagar Alam Mandor Kalimantan Barat. Medkon. 21:125–134. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29244/medkon.21.2.125-134.
McAlpine JF, Peterson BV, Shewell GE, Teskey HJ, Vockeroth JR, Wood DM. 1987. Manual of Nearctic Diptera Volume 2. Otawa: Agriculture Canada.
Merbach MA, Zizka G, Fiala B, Merbach D, Booth EE, Maschwitz U. 2007. Why a carnivorous plant cooperates with an ant–selective defense against pitcher-destroying weevils in the myrmecophytic pitcher plant Nepenthes bicalcarata hook.F. Ecotropica. 13:45–56
Mogi M. 2010. Unusual life history traits of Aedes (Stegomyia) mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) inhabiting Nepenthes pitchers. Ann Entomol soc am 103:618–624. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1603/AN10028.
Moran AJ, Hawkins JB, Gowen EB, Robbins LS. 2010. Ion fluxes across the pitcher walls of three Bornean Nepenthes pitcher plant species: flux rates and gland distribution patterns reflect nitrogen sequestration strategies. Journal of Experimental Botany. 61:1365–1374. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erq004.
Muryanto SB, Putri RA. 2023. Identifikasi tanaman kantong semar (Nepenthes sp.) terkait fenologynya pada daerah terbuka (panas) di Kawasan bumi perkemahan sobleman wilayah resort wonolelo, taman nasional gunung merbabu. Journal Nusantara Hasana. 2:164–171.
Nanik L, Setyaningsih D. 2007. Explorative study of tropical pitcher plants (Nepenthes sp.) types and insects that are trapped inside Sebangau National Park Palangkaraya Central Kalimantan. Journal of Physic Conf. Series 795:012062. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/795/1/012062.
Panda A, Gunawan EY. 2017. Komposisi takson tingkat suku serangga yang terperangkap dalam kantong Nepenthes spp. Biotropika. 5:36–43. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.biotropika.2017.005.02.1.
Putir EP, Firdara FE, Nuwa, Andreas JFS. 2022. The diversity of kantong semar (Nepenthes spp.) in hampangen educationalforest KHDT, universitas of palang karaya. Jurnal Daun. 9:177–187. DOI: https://DOI.org/10.33084/daun.v9i2.4149.
Simbolon C, Samiyarsih S, Herawati W. 2021. Kajian anatomi daun dan morfologi Nepenthes spp. Koleksi kebun raya Baturaden Kabupaten Banyumas. Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Unsoed. 3:121–131. DOI: hhttps://doi.org/10.20884/1.bioe.2021.3.3.4560.
Susanti T, Yamin M. 2017. Vegetasi komunitas Nepenthes spp. di kawasan hutan kampus institut agama islam negeri sulthan thaha saifuddin jambi. AlKauniyah: Jurnal Biologi. 10:83–90. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15408/kauniyah.v10i2.4789.
Takeuchi Y, Chaffron S, Salcher MM, Inatsugi SR, Kobayashi JM, Diway B, Mering VC, Pernthaler J, Shimizu KK. 2015. Bacterial diversity and composition in the fluid of pitcher plants of the genus Nepenthes. Elsevier Syapm. 38:330–339. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.syapm.2015.05.006.
Tarigan MRM, Aziz S, Tanjung IF, Pary C, Adlini NM, Jayanti U, Ardianto, Ulfa AY. 2023. Morphology and pitcher’s color Nepenthes in Batu Lubang Sibolga area, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. 24:1953–1961. Biodiversitas. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240403.
Tarigan MRM, Faisal M, Manalu K, Kairuna, Tambunan SPE, Rahmadina, Asy’ari H, Ritoga EY. 2024. Morphology of arthropods discovered in pitchers of Nepenthes at Aceh Singkil District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas. 25:2888–2900. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d250710.
Utari N, Sulistijorini, Ariyanti SN. 2023. Autecology of Nepenthes spp. in Peat Swamp and heath forest pematang gadung, west Kalimantan. Journal Tropical Biodiversity Biotechnology. 8:1–8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jtbb.81351.
Vong V, Noon-Anant N, Ali A, Onsanit S, Thitithanakul S, Pengsakul T. 2021. Larva mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) abundance in relation with environmental condition of pitcher plants Nepenthes mirabilis var. mirabilis in Songkhla Province, Thailand. Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology. 43:431–438.
Wong C, Ling SY, Wee SLJ, Mujahid A, Muller M. 2021. A comparative uhpclc-q/tof-ms-based eco-metabolomics approach reveals temperature adaption of four Nepenthes species. Scientific Reports. 21:2186. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-78873-3.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Restu Fitria, Tri Atmowidi, Windra Priawandiputra
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
