Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia

Colonization of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. on rice and its impact on nymph mortality and fecundity of brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stål)

Yolma Hendra — 2023-12-30

Brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens Stål, is a significant pest widely recognised for its detrimental impact on rice production. Biological agents, such as the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill., can effectively control this pest. B. bassiana, known for its endophytic abilities, colonises various plant tissues. This research aims to assess B. bassiana’s colonosation capacity on rice plants and its impact on nymph mortality and BPH fecundity. Four isolates of B. bassiana (BbWS, Pb211, Td312, and BbJg) were used, each with conidial density of 108 conidia/ml. The application menthod involved soaking rice seeds in the fungus for 24 hours. The results showed that all B. bassiana isolates could successfully establish as endophytes within rice plants, colonising all tissue parts, with leaves exhibiting the highest fungal colonisation at 58%. Seed soaking with B. bassiana reduced eggs hatching by 23.88% and increased nymph mortality by 40%. The presence of B. bassiana in rice tissue also influenced BPH adults fecundity. Notably, the BbWS isolate demonstrated the most significant effectiveness in elevating nymph mortality and reducing BPH fecundity.

Keanekaragaman beserta karakteristik habitat Famili Panorpidae (Ordo: Mecoptera) di Taman Hutan Raya Ir. H. Djuanda Bandung

Putry Ardyanty — 2023-12-30

Mecoptera is a primitive and minor order of insects with nine families, including Panorpidae. Research on Panorpidae in Indonesia is lacking, especially regarding its habitat. Thus, the purpose of this study was to observe the diversity and habitat characteristics of Panorpidae. The study was conducted at Taman Hutan Raya Ir. H. Djuanda Bandung from March to April 2023. The survey method was conducted at plots in three area blocks: the utilization block, the protection block, and the collection block. Panorpidae were collected by hand and sweeping net and then identified based on morphological characteristics. Temperature, humidity, light intensity, and vegetation where Mecoptera are found are identified and recorded. This study collected one genus (Neopanorpa) and five species found in the protection block (there were five species) and the utilization block (there were three species) while none in the collection block. The Penorpidae population was higher at the Protection block than at the Utilization block. Generally, Panorpidae was found in broad-leaf vegetation such as Clidemia sp. and Datura sp., with a canopy that is not too dense. The level of diversity and evenness of both areas was medium. Humidity positively affects the diversity and abundance of Panorpidae, while temperature and light intensity have negative effects. This research shows that Panorpidae likes damp places protected by bush vegetation and under not too dense canopy.

Potensi ekstrak maggot lalat tentara hitam Hermetia illucens (Linnaeus) dalam regulasi mekanisme antioksidan selular dan antiradang: Kajian in silico

Sulistiyani — 2024-01-03

The potential of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens (Linnaeus), BSF) maggots as the source of biopharmaca, has not been extensively studied. This research aimed to identify bioactive compunds in BSF maggot extract that potentially activate antioxidant signaling mechanism. BSF maggots fed with vegetable waste were extracted based on maceration method with water, methanol, and acetone as solvents. Forty bioactive compounds were identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry: 15 were in the aqueous extract, 13 were from methanolic extract, and 12 were in the acetone extract. Most of those compounds (90%) were having high bioavailability score (= 0.55 or more) and relatively low toxicity (500 mg/Kg<LD₅₀<5000mg/Kg BW). Molecular docking predicted that there were 26 bioactive compounds potential to activate cellular antioxidant signaling through activation of NRF2 transcription factor, better than the commercial NRF2 activator. The aqueous extract compound with PubChem CID: 73775828 was the best one that inhibited NRF2 signaling by binding to Keap-1 protein (PDB ID: 6FFM) with Gibbs free energy (ΔG) = -6.08 Kcal/mol and dissociation constant (Kd) = 3.58 × 10^-5 µM. Whereas inhibition of inflammation via NF-kappa B signaling was shown by an aqueous extract compound verpacamide A which bound inhibitor NF-kappa B kinase (IKK2) (PDB ID: 4KIK) with ΔG = -5.024 kcal/mol; Kd = 0.207 × 10³µM. This potency was better than that of aspirin. In conclusion, BSF maggot extracts are source of biopharmaca with potential cellular antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity.

Ketahanan enam galur padi sawah (Oryza sativa L) terhadap wereng batang coklat (Nilaparvata lugens Stål) asal Patokbeusi, Subang

Hermanu Triwidodo — 2024-01-03

Release of new varieties requires qualitative as well as quantitative characters of the lines. For rice varieties, resistance to brown plant hopper (BPH) (Nilaparvata lugens, Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) is an important character that should be tested. The purpose of this study was to determine the resistance of new rice lines of rice cultivar to BPH. In this study, the tests were carried out on 6 (six) lines of candidate varieties developed by IPB University, namely TCIPB202101, TCIPB202102, TCIPB202103, TCIPB202104, TCIPB202105, and TCIPB202106. Resistance to BPH assays was conducted by screening and population development tests. Inpari 30 and Ciherang varieties were used as controls. The results showed that the TCIPB202106 line is the most resistant to BPH attack, while the TCIPB202103 line is the most susceptible to BPH attack. The average number of nymphs in the TCIPB202106 line was three times lower than those in Inpari 30 and Ciherang. The results of the population growth test were in line with the results of the screening test which indicated that the TCIPB202106 line is classified as moderately resistant to BPH.

Tingkat resistensi insektisida emamektin benzoat terhadap ulat krop Crocidolomia pavonana (F.) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) di Kabupaten Cianjur, Jawa Barat

Kristoforus Sinyong — 2024-01-03

The cabbage crop caterpillar, Crocidolomia pavonana, that can be very damaging to Brassicaceae plants in Indonesia, particularly in the Cianjur Regency. Farmers in the area have been using synthetic insecticides like emamectin benzoate to control this pest, but it seems that continuous use of these insecticides can lead to resistance in the pest. This research aimed to determine the level of resistance and distribution of emamectin benzoate in C. pavonana in Cianjur Regency. Field populations of C. pavonana were collected from five villages in three districts in Cianjur Regency. As a comparison, a laboratory population was used to determine the resistance ratio. All populations were tested for toxicity to determine the LC₅₀. The results showed that populations of C. pavonana from Cianjur Regency were still susceptible to emamectin benzoate. Treatment at 22.08 × 10^-4 mg a.i/l concentration in 72 hours after treatment showed that the population’s mortality was >90%. The resistance ratios of C. pavonana in Cianjur Regency were quite concerning (resistance indocation), with a range of 1.33–2.01 indicating resistance to emamectin benzoate was moderate. Interestingly, the Sindang Jaya population showed the highest resistance ratio. It’s worth noting that over 90% of farmers in the region use this insecticide in the field, which supports the idea of resistance to the chemical. This study provided valuable insight into the distribution of insecticide used and resistance levels of C. pavonana in the area support each other.

Keanekaragaman dan komposisi spesies laba-laba predator dan parasitoid Hymenoptera pada tanaman jagung dengan dan tanpa refugia pada musim yang berbeda

Fahmi Sulthoni — 2024-01-22

Refugia are plants that play an important role in the conservation of natural enemies in agroecosystem. Refugia plants are useful for providing shelter and host/prey for natural enemies, especially parasitoids and predators. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of refugia and different planting seasons on the diversity and species composition of natural enemies (especially predatory spiders and Hymenoptera parasitoids) in maize fields. Field research was conducted in two different seasons i.e., dry season (April to July 2022) and rainy season (September to December 2022) in Tumpang Village, Malang District. The maize fields for the study were grouped into four different areas, with two observation plots (size 40 m × 50 m) in each area, consisting of a monoculture maize field (control plot) and a maize field with refugia plants (treatment plot). Sampling was conducted using pitfall traps (for predatory spiders) and yellow traps (for Hymenoptera parasitoids). Traps were set for 1 × 24 hours and conducted at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 weeks after planting. The results from two planting seasons were obtained predatory spider diversity amounted to 626 individuals consisting of 7 families, and 40 morphospecies, while Hymenoptera parasitoids amounted to 787 individuals consisting of 5 families, and 63 morphospecies. Based on generalized linear models analysis, it was found that refugia planting did not affect the diversity of natural enemies, but affected the species composition of predatory spiders. Different planting seasons affect the diversity and species composition of predatory spiders as well as Hymenoptera parasitoids.

Aspek parasitologi Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis

Sri Wahdini — 2024-01-04

Sarcoptes scabiei (Dee Geer) is the mite that causes scabies or mange. The mites live in the skin layers of humans and mammals. Nowadays, S. scabiei is classified according to their hospes and S. scabiei that lives in human is called Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis. Controlling and eradicating human scabies, especially at the community level, requires understanding scabies as a pathogen and its interaction with humans. This paper discusses the biology of S. scabiei var. hominis and the interactions between mites and humans as hosts.

Serangga pengunjung bunga tumbuhan liar dan potensinya untuk mendukung penyerbukan jambu mete (Anacardium occidentale L)

Supriyadi Supriyadi — 2024-01-03

Pollination is important in cashew production, thus it is important to understand the factor determining the presence of pollination in cashew habitat. The research was carried out by field surveys in cashew farms to record the insects that exhibited nectar and pollen foraging activities on wild and cashew flowers. This study recorded the similarity between flower-insect visitors on wild plants and cashews, namely families of Apidae, Halictidae, Pieridae, and Andrenidae. Apidae were the most important flower visitors, but the honey bee, Apis sp. as an important pollinator, did not show the highest abundance. Wild flowering plants in cashew fields have the potential to play a role in the conservation of cashew pollinators.

Issue Information

Editors — 2024-01-22

No abstract is available for this article.