Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia

Genetic variation of pest fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in different landscapes in Bogor

Fajrin Fahmi — 2023-05-31

Spodoptera frugiperda is an invasive pest from the American continent that attacks corn (Zea mays) and rapidly invaded Africa and Asia. Two main factors that support migration and population distribution of this species are suitable habitats and human activities. To date, two genetic strains of S. frugiperda have been found in corn in Indonesia: the corn strain (CS) and the rice strain (RS). The most accurate gene markers to detect these strains are COI and Tpi, which are located in mitochondria and Z chromosome. This study aims to determine the existing strains of S. frugiperda and their distribution in various landscapes in Bogor Regency. The research was conducted from July 2020 to December 2021 in Bogor, West Java. Sampling of S. fungiperda was carried out from corn plants in Leuwisadeng, Pamijahan1, Pamijahan2, Kemang, Tenjolaya, Dramaga, Cigombong, Cijeruk, Tamansari, and Ciomas. Larval samples were collected and preserved using 96% ethanol, followed by DNA extraction, DNA amplification, electrophoresis, and DNA sequencing. Distribution data were analyzedusing QGIS and Google Earth Pro programs, and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 22. Sequence data were edited using GeneStudio, aligned using ClustalW in BioEdit, and the phylogeny tree was reconstructed using the neighbor-joining method (bootstrap 1000x) using MEGA X. The obtained sequences were compared with sequences from the GenBank® database. The results showed the presence of two distinct strains of COI (COI-CSh4 and COI-RS) and one strain of Tpi (Tpi-C) in Bogor. The study found no relationship between thelandscape structure and genetic variation of S. frugiperda.

Keanekaragaman kupu-kupu (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) di Kawasan Pusat Pendidikan Konservasi Alam Bodogol, Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangrango, Jawa Barat

Hasni Ruslan — 2023-06-05

Butterflies are a group of insects with high species diversity and are closely related to environmental factors that affect their presence and abundance in a habitat. This study aimed to analyze the diversity and abundance of butterfly populations in PPKA Bodogol, Sukabumi, West Java. Observation of butterflies was carried out using a 700 m long transect method using a camera and sweeping nets along the existing paths in two locations, namely heterogeneous forest and homogeneous forest. Butterfly observations were carried out from 08.00–12.00 in the morning. Based on the research results, 78 species (261 individuals) were found in heterogeneous forests, and 39 species (158 individuals) in homogeneous forests, which belong to 5 families, namely Lycaenidae, Nymphalidae, Papilionidae, Pieridae, and Rionidae. The Nymphalidae is a family that has the highest number of species and individuals compared to other families. The butterfly diversity index in heterogeneous forests was the highest, whereas in homogeneous forests was moderate. The similarity value of butterfly composition is <50%, which means that the composition of butterflies found in the two habitats is not the same. The diversity index of butterflies in heterogeneous forests was higher than in homogeneous forests. There was no significant difference from the Hutchinson test. Species evenness index values in the two habitats showed almost the same value, 0.9 in heterogeneous forests and 0.8 in homogeneous forest. The existence, diversity, and abundance of butterflies in a habitat are closely related to the type of habitat and the abiotic and biotic elements present in it.

Keragaman genetik cendawan entomopatogen Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) berasal dari tanah pertanaman kelapa sawit berdasarkan penanda RAPD

Desianty Dona Normalisa Sirait — 2023-06-07

Metarizhium anisopliae (Metsch.) is an entomopathogenic fungus that attacks Oryctes rhinoceros (Linnaeus). This fungus is one of the potential bioagents that is environmentally friendly. The purpose of this study was to isolate the fungus M. anisopliae from various oil palm plantation soil samples and to see its genetic diversity based on RAPD markers. The method used in this research is the morphological and the molecular identification of M. anisopliae (ITS), and genetic diversity testing using RAPD markers. Fifteen isolates of M. anisopliae isolated from 15 oil palm plantation sites in North Sumatra were examined for their molecular diversity. On the basis of morphological characteristics, all isolates were identified as M. anisopliae. The result of sequencing with the ITS primer showed that all isolates of M. anisopliae isolated from soil had a 85–99% homology of with M. anisopliae and M. brunneum reference strains from gen bank database National Center Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Eight RAPD primers generated 39 scorable bands which 38 (98,44%) of them were polymorphic. Clustering analysis was performed based on RAPD profiles using Neighbour-Joining Tree method that formed 3 groups.